Created When Two or Three Barrel Vaults Intersect Art

April 30, 2022 Post a Comment

Architectural characteristic

A groin vault or groined vault (as well sometimes known as a double barrel vault or cantankerous vault) is produced by the intersection at right angles of two barrel vaults.^[1] The word "groin" refers to the edge between the intersecting vaults. Sometimes the arches of groin vaults are pointed instead of circular. In comparison with a barrel vault, a groin vault provides good economies of fabric and labor. The thrust is concentrated forth the groins or arrises (the four diagonal edges formed along the points where the butt vaults intersect), and so the vault need only exist abutted at its four corners.

Groin vault construction was offset exploited by the Romans, but then fell into relative obscurity in Europe until the resurgence of quality stone building brought about past Carolingian and Romanesque architecture. It was superseded by the more flexible rib vaults of Gothic architecture in the later on Centre Ages. Difficult to construct neatly because of the geometry of the cross groins (normally elliptical in cross section), the groin vault required great skill in cut stone to form a great arris. This difficulty, in improver to the formwork required to create such constructions, led to the rib vault superseding the groin vault every bit the preferred solution for enclosing infinite in Gothic compages.^[2]

The construction method was particularly common on the basement level, such as at Myres Castle in Scotland, or at the footing floor level for the storerooms equally at Muchalls Castle in Scotland.^[3]

History [edit]

While the barrel vault was more mutual than the groin vault in very early architecture, including Roman and even earlier civilizations, the Romans developed the groin vault widely for applications in a variety of structures, some with significant span widths. The start groin vault in Europe was, however, constructed in Delphi past King Attalos I of Pergamon some fourth dimension between 241 and 197 BC, quite possibly in 223 BC.^[iv] Their application of groin vaults to vast halls like the frigidaria in the Baths of Caracalla and Diocletian became highly influential in church compages in the Middle Ages. The aspirations of church edifice reached its zenith then, and the groin vault was pursued aggressively for its ability to create strength, without massive buttress formations; in addition, information technology provided the church architects a remedy for the dim illumination inherent in the butt vault blueprint, since the butt vault had to minimise fenestration to retain adequate force.

20th-century structural engineers take studied the static stress forces of the groin vault design and validated the Romans' foresight in an efficient design to achieve the multiple goals of minimum materials use, wide span of construction, power to achieve lateral illumination, and abstention of lateral stresses. A seminal modern design is the largest European railroad train station, Hauptbahnhof in Berlin, which features an entrance building with a glass-spanned groin vault design.^[5]

Comparing with other vault designs [edit]

A groin vault (with pointed Gothic profile) viewed from the underside, showing the arris or 'groin'.

Plan of the vault from above showing resultant outward thrust.

The construction of a groin vault tin be understood almost simply past visualising two barrel vault sections at correct angles merging to class a squarish unit of measurement. The resulting four ribs convey the stress loading to the four corners, or piers.^[half-dozen] The more circuitous groin vault is intrinsically a stronger design compared to the butt vault, since the barrel vault structure must rest on long walls creating less stable lateral stress, whereas the groin vault pattern can direct stresses nearly purely vertically on the piers.^[7] A mutual association of vaulting in cathedrals of the Centre Ages involves a nave of barrel vault design with transepts of groined vaulting.^[8] Rib vaults resemble groin vaults only innovate structural ribs running along the angles which behave much of the weight, making possible much greater variations of proportion.

Examples [edit]

Baths of Caracalla, Rome, Italy, early on 3rd century Advertizing 32.ix meter high groined structure^[9]
Charlemagne's Palatine Chapel in Aachen, Deutschland
Santa Maria Maggiore di Firenze, Florence, Italy, 11th-century church^[10]
Basilica of Sant'Ambrogio, Milan, Italy
Old Cathedral of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal, lateral aisles, twelfth century
Muchalls Castle, Scotland, ground floor rooms from the 14th century
All early on Russian palaces, including the Palace of Facets (1487–91)
Church of St. Triphon at Ivan III's suburban estate of Naprudnoe, virtually Moscow, 1490s
Three churches of the Rostov kremlin, 1670s and 1680s
Substitution and Provost (Provost Dungeon), Charleston, S Carolina, 1771
New Orleans Mint, New Orleans, Louisiana, 1838
Aztec Center San Diego State, San Diego, California, 1968 now demolished.
Basilica Minore de San Sebastián in Quiapo, Manila, Philippines.

Run across as well [edit]

List of architectural vaults
Tower house
Steinmetz solid

References [edit]

^ Honour, H. and J. Fleming, (2009) A Earth History of Art. 7th edn. London: Laurence King Publishing, p. 949. ISBN 978-1856695848
^ "Concise Britannica". Archived from the original on 2007-09-29. Retrieved 2006-xi-23 .
^ C.Michael Hogan, History of Muchalls Castle, Lumina Press, Aberdeen (2005)
^ p. 94 in Boyd, T. D. 1978. "The Curvation and Vault in Greek Architecture", American Journal of Archaeology 82, 83–100.
^ Schober, Hans (August 2006). "Berlin's recently completed Hauptbahnhof". Civil Engineering Magazine.
^ Architectural comparison of various types of arch design
^ Robert A. Scott, The Gothic Enterprise: A Guide to Understanding the Medieval Cathedral University of california Press (2003)
^ Discussion of the Romanesque Conques, St. Faith Cathedral
^ Leland Yard. Roth, Understanding Architecture: Its Elements, History and Meaning, Westview Printing, Boulder, CO ISBN 0-06-430158-iii (1993)
^ Guido Zucconi, Florence: An Architectural Guide, published by Arsenale Editrice, San Giovanni Lupatoto, Verona, Italy, Nov, 2001